Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) occurs when concussion symptoms persist for weeks, months, or even years after the initial injury. These prolonged symptoms can significantly impact work, relationships, and daily life—yet PCS cases face skepticism because the underlying brain injury often doesn't appear on standard imaging.

What Is Post-Concussion Syndrome?

PCS is diagnosed when symptoms persist beyond the typical 7-10 day concussion recovery period. Common diagnostic criteria require symptoms persisting at least three months after injury.

Symptoms

PCS symptoms often include:

  • Physical – Headaches, dizziness, fatigue, light/noise sensitivity, sleep disturbances
  • Cognitive – Memory problems, difficulty concentrating, slowed thinking, word-finding difficulty
  • Emotional – Irritability, anxiety, depression, mood swings

Risk Factors

Those more likely to develop PCS include:

  • Individuals with prior concussions
  • People with pre-existing anxiety or depression
  • Those who didn't rest adequately after injury
  • Older adults
  • Women (higher rates than men)

Legal Challenges

Disputed Diagnosis

Some medical professionals question whether PCS is a distinct condition or symptoms with other explanations (stress, depression, litigation). Defense experts often challenge PCS diagnoses.

Normal Imaging

CT and standard MRI typically appear normal in PCS, leading insurers to claim no injury exists.

Subjective Symptoms

Most PCS symptoms can't be objectively measured, inviting accusations of exaggeration or malingering.

Proving PCS Cases

Consistent Medical Treatment

Regular medical documentation of ongoing symptoms creates a record supporting the diagnosis.

Neuropsychological Testing

Comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation documents cognitive deficits objectively, even when imaging appears normal.

Before-and-After Evidence

Testimony from family, friends, coworkers, and employers about changes since the injury powerfully demonstrates impact.

Employment Records

Performance reviews, disciplinary actions, or job loss after injury document functional impairment.

Damages

PCS damages include ongoing treatment costs, lost wages during impairment, potentially reduced earning capacity, and substantial pain and suffering from living with chronic symptoms.

Conclusion

Post-concussion syndrome cases require attorneys experienced in proving contested brain injury claims. With proper documentation and expert support, PCS victims can obtain compensation for injuries that insurance companies often try to minimize or deny.