Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive brain disease linked to repeated head trauma, particularly in contact sports and military service. CTE litigation has grown as research reveals devastating long-term consequences of repetitive brain injuries.

What Is CTE?

CTE is a degenerative brain disease caused by repeated head impacts, including subconcussive hits that don't cause obvious symptoms. Key characteristics:

  • Abnormal tau protein accumulation in the brain
  • Progressive deterioration over years or decades
  • Can only be definitively diagnosed after death through brain examination
  • Symptoms may not appear until years after trauma ends

CTE Symptoms

CTE can cause:

  • Cognitive – Memory problems, dementia, impaired thinking
  • Behavioral – Impulsivity, aggression, poor judgment
  • Mood – Depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts
  • Motor – Movement problems in advanced stages

High-Risk Populations

  • Football players – High school through professional
  • Hockey players
  • Boxers and MMA fighters
  • Soccer players – From heading the ball
  • Military veterans – Blast exposure
  • Domestic abuse survivors – Repeated head trauma

CTE Litigation

NFL Concussion Settlement

The NFL reached a settlement potentially worth over $1 billion to compensate former players diagnosed with cognitive impairments linked to football.

Other Defendants

CTE lawsuits have targeted:

  • Sports leagues and associations
  • Schools and universities
  • Helmet manufacturers
  • Youth sports organizations

Legal Theories

  • Negligent failure to protect from head trauma
  • Fraudulent concealment of known risks
  • Product liability for inadequate helmets

Challenges in CTE Cases

  • Diagnosis – Definitive CTE diagnosis requires brain autopsy
  • Causation – Linking symptoms to specific defendants' conduct
  • Statutes of limitations – Delayed symptom onset complicates timing
  • Assumption of risk – Arguments that players accepted known dangers

Conclusion

CTE litigation holds accountable those who exposed athletes and others to repetitive brain trauma without adequate protection or warning. These cases require specialized expertise in sports law, brain injury science, and complex litigation.